“f” sub shell can hold a maximum of 14 electrons.Īrrangements of Shell and Sub – Shells : Shell Nameģ. “d” sub shell can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. “p” sub shell can hold a maximum of 6 electrons. “s” sub shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. Types of Sub Shell : Sub shells are s, p, d and f types.Įvery sub-shell can accommodate a fixed number of electrons. Electrons are present in these sub shells which constitute a Shell. After a series of experiments and a detailed study by scientists like Louis de Broglie, Schrödinger, Somerfield and others proved that shells or energy levels have Sub Shells within them. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in any energy level of the atom is given by a formula 2n 2 where n is the number of that Orbit number/ Shell Number / Energy level.Ģ.Rules for accommodating electrons in various shells (Bohr-Bury Rules) If Bohr’s Model is considered to be valid Shells and Orbits are similar for indication purpose. Shell more correctly indicates a Sphere (a three dimensional object) while Orbits are Circular paths (A two dimensional object). Here for simplification, Students are advised to consider the sense same. Note: Shell and Orbits are not identical They are different ideas. These orbits or Shells are represented by the letters K, L, M, N,… or the numbers n = 1, 2, 3, 4,5.…. The arrangement of electrons in the shells is known as electronic configuration.Įlectrons are present in fixed energy levels called Shells. Number of Neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number = 40-18 = 22 In an atom number of electrons = Number of protons = 18 Find out the number of protons, number of electrons and number of neutrons present in the atom X? Question: An atom X has mass number 40 and atomic number 18. Mass number = Number of Protons + Number of NeutronsĪtomic number Element Mass number = Z X AĮxample: Sodium atom has notation as 11 Na 23. It is also referred as Atomic Mass.Įxample: Mass number of Nitrogen atom is 14 then it contains 7 protons and 7 neutrons. The mass number (A) is defined as the sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom. Since for a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to number of protons, so Atomic Number is also equal to the number of electrons in neutral the atom.Ītomic number = Number of protons = Number of Electrons (for neutral atom)Įxample: The atomic number of Iron (Fe) is 26 Fe atom contains 26 protons and 26 electrons. Atomic number (z) is the number of protons in an atom.
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